Tooth cavities: causes, signs, treatment and prevention
A cavity is a hole caused by tooth decay. Caught early it is a simple filling. Left alone it can reach the nerve, so here are the signs, treatments and costs.
From the Tooth fillings guide
A cavity is a small hole in a tooth caused by decay. Bacteria in plaque feed on sugar and make acid, and that acid slowly dissolves the tooth. A cavity will not heal once it has formed, but it is simple to treat if it is caught early.
What causes cavities?
- Plaque left on the teeth, especially between them and along the gumline
- Frequent sugary snacks and drinks, including sweet tea and soda
- A dry mouth, because saliva helps protect teeth
- Deep grooves on the back teeth that are hard to clean
- Worn or receding areas that expose softer parts of the tooth
- Some medical conditions and medicines that affect saliva or increase acid in the mouth
What are the signs of a cavity?
Early decay often causes no symptoms, which is why check-ups matter. As it grows you may notice:
- Sensitivity to cold, heat or sweet food
- A white, brown or black mark on the tooth
- A visible hole or a rough spot your tongue catches
- Pain when you bite
- A toothache that lingers or wakes you, which suggests the decay is deep
How is a cavity treated?
| Stage | Usual treatment |
|---|---|
| Very early, enamel only | Fluoride, better cleaning, and monitoring |
| Small to medium cavity | Filling |
| Large cavity | Larger filling or crown |
| Decay has reached the nerve | Root canal, often with a crown |
| Tooth cannot be saved | Extraction, then a replacement |
What will this cost me?
The earlier you treat a cavity, the less it costs. At Arrow Dental, a filling starts from KES 5,000, a root canal from KES 12,000 and a crown from KES 26,000. Simple fillings are generally covered for civil servants under SHA.
Can you treat a cavity at home?
No. Toothpaste and fluoride can help very early enamel damage, but a true hole needs a dentist to remove the decay and seal the tooth. Clove oil or salt water may ease pain for a short time, but the decay keeps going.
How do you prevent cavities?
- Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, and spit rather than rinse
- Clean between your teeth every day
- Keep sugary food and drinks to mealtimes
- Ask about sealants for children’s back teeth
- See a dentist every six months
Still not sure? Ask a dentist
Tell us what is going on and we will tell you plainly what it needs, what it costs and what your cover pays for.